Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Titration of Polyprotic Base with a Strong Acid01:18

Titration of Polyprotic Base with a Strong Acid

4.2K
The titration of a polyprotic base such as sodium carbonate with a strong acid such as hydrochloric acid results in two equivalence points on the titration curve. At the first equivalence point, the carbonate ions in the base are completely converted to bicarbonate ions. The second equivalence point corresponds to the complete conversion of bicarbonate ions to carbonic acid, which dissociates into carbon dioxide and water. The region before the first equivalence point corresponds to the...
4.2K
Alkynes to Carboxylic Acids: Oxidative Cleavage02:01

Alkynes to Carboxylic Acids: Oxidative Cleavage

6.7K
Alkynes undergo oxidative cleavage in the presence of oxidizing reagents like potassium permanganate and ozone. The triple bond — one σ bond and two π bonds — is completely cleaved, and the alkyne is oxidized to carboxylic acids. When warm and basic aqueous potassium permanganate is used as an oxidizing agent, alkynes are first converted to carboxylate salts via an unstable α-diketone intermediate. Further, a mild acid treatment protonates the carboxylate anions...
6.7K
Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

48.5K
Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
48.5K
Titration of Polyprotic Acids with a Strong Base01:23

Titration of Polyprotic Acids with a Strong Base

2.8K
Titration of a polyprotic acid, which contains multiple ionizable protons, involves distinct dissociation steps, each with its own dissociation constant (Ka). Each successive Ka is weaker than the previous one. In the titration of a polyprotic acid like sulfurous acid with a strong base such as sodium hydroxide, the base first neutralizes the initial ionizable proton, forming an intermediate species (e.g., hydrogen sulfite ions). This step's titration curve resembles that of a weak...
2.8K
Carboxylic Acids to Acid Chlorides01:18

Carboxylic Acids to Acid Chlorides

8.6K
Carboxylic acids react with SOCl2 or PCl5 to form acid chlorides. Amongst the carboxylic acid derivatives, acid chlorides are the most reactive and synthetically important derivatives. They are useful reagents for Friedel–Crafts acylation of some aromatic compounds.
8.6K
Electrophiles02:28

Electrophiles

12.5K
This lesson explains the definition, classification, and characteristic features of an electrophile that are key features of nucleophilic substitution reactions. An analysis of their charge and orbital picture helps understand their reactivity for seeking electrons. Electrophiles can be classified into positive and neutral species. Other classes include free radicals and polar functional groups.
While a positive electrophile, like a proton, reacts due to its vacant, low-energy 1s orbital, the...
12.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Speciation of cesium cation in natural seawater.

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2026
Same author

Reactions of U(DMSO)<sub>8</sub>(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>4</sub> with Terpyridine Yield Dimeric Hydrolysis Products and Induce C-C Coupling.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same author

Synthesis and Vibrational Identification of the Uranyl Peroxodicarbonato [UO<sub>2</sub>(O<sub>2</sub>)(CO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>4-</sup>: Insights into Peroxide-Carbonate Bonding from <sup>18</sup>O Labeling, DFT, and QTAIM Analysis.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same author

Electron and spin density distributions and magnetic anisotropy in mixed-valent diruthenium(V) tetracarboxylates assessed <i>via</i> crystallographic and theoretical analyses.

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2026
Same author

Ab initio derivation of the crystal field parameters for lanthanide ions: The f1 case.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026
Same author

Unveiling the Stability and Kinetic Pathway from Plutonium Clusters to Colloidal PuO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles.

Inorganic chemistry·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

High Resolution Physical Characterization of Single Metallic Nanoparticles
09:56

High Resolution Physical Characterization of Single Metallic Nanoparticles

Published on: June 28, 2019

6.1K

Persistent Mono-Oxo Bonding with Protactinium(V) Revealed in Highly Acidic Chloride Solutions.

Melody Maloubier1, Tamara Shaaban2, Florent Réal2

  • 1CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 91405, France.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|December 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Protactinium(V) forms a stable oxo bond in hydrochloric acid solutions, even under extreme acidity. This finding offers new insights into early actinide chemistry and nuclear fuel management.

Keywords:
Ab initio calculationsEXAFS spectroscopyMono‐oxo bondProtactiniumXANES

More Related Videos

Activating Molecules, Ions, and Solid Particles with Acoustic Cavitation
14:22

Activating Molecules, Ions, and Solid Particles with Acoustic Cavitation

Published on: April 11, 2014

15.5K
From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
06:44

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

69.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 8, 2026

High Resolution Physical Characterization of Single Metallic Nanoparticles
09:56

High Resolution Physical Characterization of Single Metallic Nanoparticles

Published on: June 28, 2019

6.1K
Activating Molecules, Ions, and Solid Particles with Acoustic Cavitation
14:22

Activating Molecules, Ions, and Solid Particles with Acoustic Cavitation

Published on: April 11, 2014

15.5K
From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
06:44

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

69.5K

Area of Science:

  • Chemistry
  • Nuclear Science
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Protactinium(V) exhibits poorly understood physico-chemical properties, particularly its hydrolysis and oxo bonding in aqueous solutions.
  • The stability and nature of protactinium-oxo bonds remain unpredictable due to limited experimental data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the stability of the protactinium-oxo bond in varying hydrochloric acid concentrations.
  • To elucidate the coordination chemistry of protactinium(V) under acidic conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) and X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure (XANES) spectroscopy.
  • Employed ab initio relativistic quantum calculations for geometric analysis and spectral fitting.

Main Results:

  • Confirmed the existence of a short protactinium-oxo bond (Pa─Ooxo) at 3 M and 12 M hydrochloric acid.
  • Identified specific protactinium species: PaO(OH)Cl1, 2 at moderate acidity and PaOCl4, 5 at high acidity.
  • Determined a Pa─Ooxo bond length of ~1.83 Å, consistent with theoretical predictions, with a total coordination number of seven.

Conclusions:

  • The protactinium-oxo bond is unexpectedly stable across a wide range of hydrochloric acid concentrations.
  • This research provides crucial data on early actinide bonding behavior under extreme conditions.
  • Findings are vital for nuclear fuel management and advancing actinide science.