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Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Efficient Synthesis of All-Carbon Quaternary Centers via the Conjugate Addition of Functionalized Monoorganozinc Bromides
Published on: May 26, 2019
Merging Multicomponent Reactions and Metal-Free C-H Functionalization: Emerging Tools in Organic Synthesis
Ariful Islam1, B Shriya Saikia1, Pranjal K Baruah2
1Department of Applied Sciences, GUIST, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, 781014, India.
None:
The pursuit of metal-free multicomponent reactions (MCRs) via direct C-H bond functionalization represents a significant stride toward sustainable and atom-economical organic synthesis. This review comprehensively examines advances from 2016 to 2025 in metal-free C-H functionalization strategies integrated with MCRs for the efficient construction of complex, bioactive heterocycles. Key mechanistic platforms explored include iminium ion activation, azomethine ylide chemistry, radical-mediated transformations, visible-light photoredox catalysis, and base-mediated protocols. Each approach is critically analyzed in terms of substrate scope, regioselectivity and stereoselectivity, green metrics, and practical applicability. The strategic use of renewable feedstocks, solvent-free conditions, and recyclable catalysts further highlights the field's alignment with green chemistry principles. Collectively, these methodologies underscore the growing potential of metal-free MCRs in delivering structurally diverse heterocyclic scaffolds for pharmaceutical and materials applications.
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