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Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique involving radiopharmaceuticals — substances that emit short-lived radiation. Although the first PET scanner was introduced in 1961, it took 15 more years before radiopharmaceuticals were combined with the technique and revolutionized its potential.
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Related Experiment Video

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Utilizing 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging and Quantitative Histology to Measure Dynamic Changes in the Glucose Metabolism in Mouse Models of Lung Cancer
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Are 18F-FDG PET/CT based radiomics features useful for prediction of PD-L1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer?

Seong H Yoon1, Seong J Kim

  • 1Lung Cancer Clinic, Pulmonary Medicine Center, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, 50612, Korea. growthkim@daum.net, growthkim@pusan.ac.kr.

Hellenic Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) radiomics shows moderate accuracy in predicting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-L1) expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Further standardization is needed for clinical application in NSCLC diagnosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Radiology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment response is often linked to programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-L1) expression.
  • Accurate prediction of PD-L1 expression is crucial for guiding immunotherapy selection in NSCLC patients.
  • Current methods for PD-L1 assessment can be invasive or time-consuming.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) radiomics features for predicting PD-L1 expression in NSCLC.
  • To synthesize existing evidence on the performance of 18F-FDG PET/CT radiomics in this diagnostic context.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed and EMBASE databases.
  • Studies assessing the diagnostic performance of 18F-FDG PET/CT radiomics for PD-L1 prediction in NSCLC were included.
  • Key performance metrics including sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios, and area under the curve (AUC) were pooled.

Main Results:

  • Pooled sensitivity for predicting PD-L1 expression (>1%) was 0.75, with a pooled specificity of 0.66.
  • For predicting high PD-L1 expression (>50%), pooled sensitivity was 0.77 and pooled specificity was 0.61.
  • Pooled AUC values indicated moderate diagnostic performance, ranging from 0.735 to 0.791 across different PD-L1 expression thresholds.

Conclusions:

  • 18F-FDG PET/CT based radiomics demonstrates moderate diagnostic performance for predicting PD-L1 expression in NSCLC.
  • The findings suggest potential for non-invasive PD-L1 assessment, but standardization is required.
  • Future research should focus on standardizing radiomics methodologies for reliable PD-L1 prediction in NSCLC.