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Related Concept Videos

Neurulation01:30

Neurulation

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Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the...
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The craniofacial muscles are a collection of approximately 20 thin skeletal muscles situated beneath the skin of the face and scalp. These muscles, primarily responsible for the vast array of human facial expressions, originate from the bones or fibrous structures of the skull and extend outwards to connect with the skin. While most skeletal muscles in the body are enveloped in thick fascia, facial muscles generally have a more delicate fascial covering, with the buccinator muscle being a...
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Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

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Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
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Neural Regulation01:37

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Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
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During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In...
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The hyoid bone is a small U-shaped bone located in the upper neck at the level of the inferior mandible, with its tips pointing posteriorly. It does not directly articulate with any other bone in the body. The hyoid acts as the attachment site for the tongue, the larynx, and the pharynx. It is held in position by a series of small muscles attached from above or below. These muscles help to move the hyoid up/down or forward/back in coordination with movements of the tongue, larynx, and pharynx...
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Neural Orchestration of Mandibular Development.

Menghan Zhang1, Xiaoxi Wei2, Huichuan Qi2

  • 1Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China.

International Dental Journal
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This summary is machine-generated.

The mandible

Keywords:
Autonomic innervationMandibular developmentNeurotransmittersNeurotrophinsSensory innervation

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Area of Science:

  • Craniofacial Development
  • Neuroscience
  • Skeletal Biology

Background:

  • The mandible's neural regulation is understudied compared to long bones.
  • Understanding neuro-osseous interactions is crucial for craniofacial development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize current evidence on the neural regulation of mandibular morphogenesis.
  • To highlight mechanisms unique to the mandible and its clinical significance.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature review was performed across major scientific databases.
  • No time restriction was applied to the search.
  • The focus was on neuro-bone interplay specific to the mandible.

Main Results:

  • Peripheral innervation (autonomic and sensory nerves) regulates mandibular osteogenesis through distinct neurotransmitter signaling.
  • Axon guidance molecules and neurotrophic factors are vital for neurovascular patterning and repair.
  • Nerve-bone communication plays a critical role in mandibular development and function.

Conclusions:

  • The mandible exhibits unique neural regulation mechanisms distinct from long bones.
  • Further research is needed to explore its unique biology for treating craniofacial disorders.
  • Understanding these mechanisms can aid in developing precise treatments for neurodevelopmental and maxillofacial malformations.