Gellan gum-based nanocarriers for the delivery of anticancer agents: A review

Gellan gum (GG) is a naturally occurring anionic polysaccharide that has been used extensively in the delivery of anticancer agents. The application of GG as an effective delivery vehicle is prominently dependent on its adjustable physicochemical characteristics, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. GG has the capability of forming stable hydrogels and diverse nanostructures in physiological conditions. Hence, it is used in the development of multipurpose drug carriers that can effectively carry and deliver a broad spectrum of anticancer drugs at the site of action. Recently, the development of hybrid and composite GG-based systems, where GG is combined with synthetic polymers, nanoparticles, or bioactive peptides, has gained tremendous attention in the scientific community since they provide improved mechanical stability, pharmacokinetic properties, and synergistic biological effects, thereby expanding the therapeutic potential and versatility of GG nanocarriers. However, several obstacles must be addressed before its widespread clinical application can be fathomed. These include ensuring commercial-scale repeatability, long-term stability, precise control of drug release kinetics, and addressing regulatory complications. In addition, further research is required to maximize safety and effectiveness in the interactions of GG nanocarriers with biological settings, such as enzymatic degradation, immunological responses, and microbiome interactions. Interdisciplinary research integrating materials science, pharmacology, and clinical studies will be critical for its further applications. Continued research efforts and collaborative innovation are expected to establish GG-based delivery systems as the core platforms for next-generation anticancer therapies.