Sodium alginate-based hydrogel combined with MOF-dynamic defect generation strategy: A nanobiocomposite for...

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients face growing challenges with urea clearance, as traditional adsorbents fail to effectively remove urea. The specific catalysis of urease on urea provides a new solution. In this experiment, a novel nanobiocomposite, denoted as sodium alginate-carrageenan/UiO66-NH₂@Urease (SC/U66@U), was developed using metal-organic framework (MOF) UiO66-NH₂ as the nanomaterial reinforcing element to immobilize urease, with sodium alginate and carrageenan as the biomaterial matrix. The experimental outcomes revealed the material showed significant enhancement in mechanical properties, stability and reusability compared to sodium alginate-carrageenan@Urease (SC@U). Urease activity remained 67.38 % after 24 h continuous reaction (only 25.32 % in SC@U). Urea clearance efficiency in peritoneal dialysate still achieved 75.05 % during the fifth dynamic perfusion cycle. The material also had favorable biocompatibility. These demonstrate the nanobiocomposite significantly improves the enzyme encapsulation performance of the sodium alginate-based hydrogel and shows promise for meeting the clinical requirements for high-efficiency urea clearance.