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Defining the epigenetic toolkit as an evolvable trait.

Thanvi Srikant1, Hajk-Georg Drost2

  • 1Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.

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|December 13, 2025
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Summary

Organisms adapt to new environments by altering their genome and epigenome. This study proposes a new framework to understand how the

Keywords:
epigeneticsgene regulationgenome evolutionnatural variationtoolkit genes

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genomics
  • Epigenetics
  • Plant science

Background:

  • Environmental adaptation leaves signatures in genomic architecture.
  • Understanding how phenotypic innovation arises from genome/epigenome dynamics during adaptation is incomplete.
  • Previous studies explored (epi)genome evolution but lacked a framework for adaptation mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a new framework for studying the epigenetic toolkit as an evolvable trait in plant adaptation.
  • To explore how environmental factors and genome regulation interact to reshape epigenetic landscapes.
  • To predict mechanisms of short- and long-term habitat adaptation in plants.

Main Methods:

  • Compilation of candidate epigenetic regulators ('epigenetic toolkit' proteins) in plants.
  • Development of a novel framework to analyze the epigenetic toolkit's role in adaptation.
  • Investigating feedback mechanisms between environmental factors and genome regulation.

Main Results:

  • Identified a set of candidate epigenetic regulators ('epigenetic toolkit').
  • Proposed a framework to view the epigenetic toolkit as an evolvable trait.
  • The framework can predict how environmental pressures reshape (epi)genetic landscapes.

Conclusions:

  • The epigenetic toolkit is a crucial, evolvable component of plant adaptation.
  • Feedback between environment and genome regulation drives epigenetic landscape changes.
  • This framework aids in understanding short- and long-term adaptation to dynamic environments.