Parental socioeconomic composition of birth cohorts changed during the COVID-19 pandemic

Moritz Oberndorfer1,2,3, Juha Luukkonen4,5, Hanna Remes4,5

  • 1Helsinki Institute for Demography and Population Health, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. moritz.oberndorfer@helsinki.fi.

Nature Communications
|December 13, 2025
PubMed

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