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Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) significantly increases cardiovascular disease risk, becoming the leading cause of mortality in affected individuals. Early recognition and management of MASLD are crucial for preventing severe cardiovascular outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Cardiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), previously NAFLD, affects 25% globally, with rising prevalence.
  • Traditionally viewed as liver-specific, MASLD is now recognized as a multisystem disease impacting overall health.
  • Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary cause of mortality in MASLD patients, exceeding liver-related issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the significant link between MASLD and increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
  • To underscore MASLD's role as a critical risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).
  • To emphasize the systemic implications of MASLD beyond hepatic manifestations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current epidemiological data and clinical evidence linking MASLD to cardiovascular outcomes.
  • Analysis of prevalence data for MASLD in relation to cardiovascular risk factors like type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
  • Synthesis of research on the mechanisms underlying the association between MASLD and various cardiovascular diseases.

Main Results:

  • MASLD prevalence has increased from 22% in 1991 to 37% in 2019.
  • Up to 75% of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) also have MASLD.
  • MASLD is associated with higher risks of arrhythmia, atherosclerotic heart disease, heart failure, and CVD mortality.

Conclusions:

  • MASLD is a multisystem disease with profound cardiovascular implications.
  • ASCVD is the leading cause of death in MASLD patients.
  • MASLD represents a critical gateway for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, necessitating integrated management strategies.