Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drug Discovery: Overview01:26

Drug Discovery: Overview

Drug discovery is a multifaceted process involving extensive screening, testing, and optimization of lead compounds to identify potential new drugs for therapeutic use. It combines several approaches, including screening large numbers of natural products, chemical modification of known active molecules, identification of new drug targets, and rational design based on biological mechanisms and drug-receptor structure. These approaches are carried out in both academic research laboratories and...
Pharmacovigilance01:19

Pharmacovigilance

Post-marketing surveillance is a critical component of pharmaceutical regulation, often uncovering unanticipated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) once a drug is widely used over an extended period.
This process, termed pharmacovigilance, aims to detect, evaluate, and minimize harmful effects related to medication use. The data collection for pharmacovigilance depends on spontaneous reporting systems, where healthcare professionals or patients voluntarily report suspected ADRs.
In some cases, there...
Preclinical Development: Overview01:28

Preclinical Development: Overview

Preclinical development consists of a series of tests that ensure the safety and efficacy of a new therapeutic compound before it is tested in humans. There are four main phases to this process. First, safety pharmacology tests are conducted to ensure the drug does not produce any acutely harmful effects. These tests examine parameters such as bronchoconstriction, cardiac dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and ataxia. Next, preliminary toxicological testing is performed to determine the...
Drug Concentrations: Measurements01:23

Drug Concentrations: Measurements

Drug concentration is the quantity of a drug present in a biological sample. Measuring drug amounts in biological samples allows the clinician to understand how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted. Samples can be obtained through invasive or non-invasive methods. Invasive techniques involve surgical or parenteral interventions to gather blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or tissue biopsy. Conversely, non-invasive approaches provide samples like urine, feces, and saliva.
Plasma —...
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors01:29

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is the clinical practice of measuring specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to manage and optimize therapy. TDM is crucial for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, like warfarin and phenytoin, where incorrect doses can lead to treatment failure or severe side effects. This monitoring ensures the dosage administered is within a safe and effective range. The factors affecting therapeutic drug monitoring include:Patient-Specific Factors:a.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Drug Analysis Methods01:26

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Drug Analysis Methods

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is a clinical practice that measures specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to tailor drug therapy effectively. This monitoring is critical for managing drugs with narrow therapeutic indices like digoxin and phenytoin, ensuring they are both safe and effective. For instance, monitoring theophylline levels in asthma patients involves precision and sensitivity to adjust doses according to individual responses to therapy, ensuring efficacy and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Determining the feasibility of self-administered relaxing acupressure for fatigue among adolescent and young adult cancer survivors.

Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer·2026
Same author

Shifting Perspectives: Harm Reduction Staff Perceptions of Drug Checking Implementation.

Substance use & addiction journal·2026
Same author

Uncovered, underfunded, and undervalued: How policy contexts shape knowledge production in multi-site substance use trials.

The International journal on drug policy·2026
Same author

2 mA is NOT 2 mA: Electric field variability in high-definition tDCS and its implications for precision neuromodulation in aging.

Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology·2026
Same author

From Control to Care: Reframing Medication Access Policies Through Public Health Ethics.

The Journal of law, medicine & ethics : a journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics·2026
Same author

Differences Between Government, Consortium, and Private Database Stewards Impacting the Genomic Data Market: A Survey of U.S. Academic Genetic Researchers.

AJOB empirical bioethics·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Novel Apparatus and Method for Drug Reinforcement
07:32

Novel Apparatus and Method for Drug Reinforcement

Published on: August 21, 2010

Exploring drug checking services for people who use drugs: Pre-implementation study.

Whitney Ludwig1, Kaitlyn Jaffe2, Steve Alsum3

  • 1University of Michigan School of Nursing, 400 N Ingalls Building, Room 3224, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.

Drug and Alcohol Dependence
|December 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Community drug checking services using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) can help prevent overdose by identifying adulterants in street drugs. Key facilitators include trusted staff and social networks, while concerns about police targeting and confidentiality are barriers.

Keywords:
Community-basedDrug checkingHarm reductionOverdose prevention strategies

More Related Videos

Color Spot Test As a Presumptive Tool for the Rapid Detection of Synthetic Cathinones
06:06

Color Spot Test As a Presumptive Tool for the Rapid Detection of Synthetic Cathinones

Published on: February 5, 2018

High-throughput and Comprehensive Drug Surveillance Using Multisegment Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry
10:17

High-throughput and Comprehensive Drug Surveillance Using Multisegment Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry

Published on: April 23, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Novel Apparatus and Method for Drug Reinforcement
07:32

Novel Apparatus and Method for Drug Reinforcement

Published on: August 21, 2010

Color Spot Test As a Presumptive Tool for the Rapid Detection of Synthetic Cathinones
06:06

Color Spot Test As a Presumptive Tool for the Rapid Detection of Synthetic Cathinones

Published on: February 5, 2018

High-throughput and Comprehensive Drug Surveillance Using Multisegment Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry
10:17

High-throughput and Comprehensive Drug Surveillance Using Multisegment Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry

Published on: April 23, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Harm Reduction
  • Drug Policy

Background:

  • Rising adulterants in street drugs increase overdose risk for people who use drugs (PWUD).
  • Single-drug test strips are insufficient for identifying multiple adulterants.
  • Community-based drug checking services (DCS) using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) are emerging as overdose prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify facilitators and barriers to implementing FTIR-based DCS among potential participants.
  • To inform the pre-implementation of Michigan's first DCS utilizing FTIR technology.

Main Methods:

  • Qualitative study involving 25 potential DCS participants in three focus groups and one interview.
  • Semi-structured interviews guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).
  • Rapid thematic qualitative analysis of transcribed focus group and interview data.

Main Results:

  • Primary barrier: fear of police targeting. Other barriers include confidentiality concerns, testing wait times, and negative community perceptions.
  • Key facilitators: trusted agency staff, information sharing through PWUD social networks, and extended service hours.
  • Participants viewed FTIR as valuable for safer drug use, increased autonomy, and overdose prevention.

Conclusions:

  • DCS utilizing FTIR can inform PWUD about dangerous drug supply adulterants.
  • FTIR-based DCS can enhance user autonomy in making informed decisions.
  • Implementing FTIR-DCS is a promising strategy for reducing overdose risk.