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Ethics in Research

Today, scientists agree that good research is ethical in nature and is guided by a basic respect for human dignity and safety. However, this has not always been the case. Modern researchers must demonstrate that the research they perform is ethically sound.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Author Spotlight: Targeted Microinjection and Electroporation of Primate Cerebral Organoids for Genetic Modification

Author Spotlight: Targeted Microinjection and Electroporation of Primate Cerebral Organoids for Genetic Modification

Published on: March 24, 2023

Primates as animal models for CPP research.

Mariana B M Correia¹, Beatriz Monferrari-Martins², Marilia Barros³

¹Primate Center, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil; Department of Anthropology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews

|December 14, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Nonhuman primates (NHPs) effectively demonstrate conditioned place preference (CPP) for drugs and food. NHP models offer greater translational validity for addiction research compared to rodents.

Keywords:

Animal models Conditioned place-preference Nonhuman primates

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Published on: July 16, 2009

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Behavioral Pharmacology
Primate Research

Background:

Conditioned place preference (CPP) assesses rewarding effects of stimuli.
Rodent models are common but have limitations for human translation.
Nonhuman primates (NHPs) offer a more translatable alternative.

Purpose of the Study:

To review CPP studies using NHPs.
To evaluate the effectiveness of various stimuli in NHP CPP models.
To assess the translational validity of NHP CPP models.

Main Methods:

Systematic literature review of CPP studies in macaques and marmosets.
Inclusion criteria focused on studies using various unconditioned stimuli.
Analysis of 14 relevant studies published in the last 25 years.

Main Results:

CPP was consistently demonstrated with cocaine, methylphenidate (MPH), and food in marmosets.
CPP was consistently demonstrated with morphine and methamphetamine (METH) in macaques.
NHP CPP studies show promise despite a limited number of reports.

Conclusions:

NHP species are viable and versatile models for CPP research.
NHP models provide greater translational validity than rodent models.
NHPs offer closer neurobiological, cognitive, and behavioral similarities to humans for addiction research.