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Risk factors for nonventilated hospital-acquired pneumonia in surgical patients: A case-control study
Barbara Faustino Rodrigues1, Poliana Morais Rodrigues Constantino2, Isa Rodrigues DA Silveira Cabral DE Menezes3
1Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Background:
Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) remains a common health care-associated infection worldwide. Understanding risk factors for nonventilated HAP (NVHAP) in postoperative patients is crucial for targeted prevention strategies.
Methods:
A retrospective case-control study was conducted from April 2022 to April 2023 in a surgical ward of a university hospital. Cases included patients aged ≥ 18 years diagnosed with NVHAP. Controls were selected based on the closest hospitalization date, matched by sex, age, and surgery type (2 controls per case). Data on patient demographics, surgical procedures, and clinical factors were collected and analyzed.
Results:
Out of 1,739 hospitalized patients, 10 developed NVHAP, resulting in a sample of 30 individuals (mean age 63.27 years). Exploratory laparotomy was the most common surgery. Multivariate analysis identified vomiting as the only independent risk factor (P < .001), significantly associated with HAP occurrence.
Discussion:
Vomiting was significantly linked to NVHAP, suggesting that management of nausea and vomiting could reduce the risk of bronchopulmonary aspiration and subsequent pneumonia in postoperative patients.
Conclusions:
Implementing protocols for early detection and control of nausea and vomiting in surgical patients may decrease NVHAP incidence, emphasizing the need for preventive strategies targeting aspiration risk.
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