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Colors and Magnetism

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When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...

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Updated: Jan 8, 2026

An Electrochemical Cholesteric Liquid Crystalline Device for Quick and Low-Voltage Color Modulation

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Published on: February 27, 2019

Multicolor and multistable transparent electrochromic materials and displays.

Xue-Song Liu¹, Baige Yang¹, Yuxin Qu¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China.

Nature Communications

|December 14, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel single-molecule design for electrochromic (EC) displays, integrating rhodamine and ProDOT units. This breakthrough enables high transparency and vivid multicolor switching for advanced transparent displays and memory systems.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Organic Electronics
Display Technology

Background:

Electrochromic (EC) displays offer high transmittance and eye-friendly properties, making them suitable for next-generation transparent displays.
A key challenge in EC display development is achieving simultaneous high transparency and vivid multicolor switching.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a single-molecule design strategy for EC displays that overcomes limitations in transparency and color switching.
To develop EC devices with improved stability, fast switching times, and multicolor capabilities.

Main Methods:

A single-molecule design integrating a rhodamine moiety with a 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene (ProDOT) unit was synthesized.
Systematic screening of molecular dopants was performed to optimize electrochemical potential windows and redox behaviors.
Electrochromic devices (PTRh-B) were fabricated and characterized for optical transmittance, stability, and switching performance.

Main Results:

The PTRh-B devices exhibited high optical transmittance with three distinct states: colorless, magenta, and blue.
Exceptional stability was demonstrated, with the magenta state lasting over 30 days and cycling stability exceeding 5,200 and 8,400 cycles for specific transitions.
Fast switching times of 0.13 s and 1.8 s were achieved for colorless-to-magenta and magenta-to-blue transitions, respectively.
Functional pixel-level displays were successfully realized.

Conclusions:

The single-molecule design effectively eliminates color interference, enabling simultaneous high transparency and vivid multicolor switching.
The developed EC devices show significant potential for advanced transparent displays, energy-efficient electronics, and electronic erasable memory systems.