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Hybrid robust beamforming for enhanced multiple moving object detection with phased array scanning radar.

Sheikh Shafaet Islam1,2, Md Selim Hossain3, Shariful Islam4

  • 1Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET), Rajshahi, 6204, Bangladesh. shafaet.niloy21@gmail.com.

Scientific Reports
|December 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary

A new phased array radar using a hybrid robust beamformer significantly improves detection and tracking of multiple objects in noisy environments. This advanced radar system achieves 99.29% accuracy, outperforming conventional methods.

Keywords:
HybridMultiple target detectionPhased arrayRobust beamformingScanning radarUniform rectangular array

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Area of Science:

  • Radar Systems Engineering
  • Signal Processing
  • Array Antennas

Background:

  • Conventional radar systems struggle with interference and noise, limiting their effectiveness in complex environments.
  • Phased array radars offer enhanced capabilities but require robust beamforming for optimal performance.
  • Existing beamforming techniques have limitations in handling multiple targets and strong interferences simultaneously.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a novel hybrid robust beamforming technique for phased array radar systems.
  • To enhance the capability of radar systems for detecting and tracking multiple moving objects in noisy conditions.
  • To improve interference rejection performance compared to conventional radar methods.

Main Methods:

  • A 30×30 Uniform Rectangular Array (URA) based phased array radar system was designed.
  • A hybrid robust beamformer, combining Minimum Variance Distortionless Response (MVDR) and Linearly Constrained Minimum Variance (LCMV) with diagonal loading, was employed.
  • Initial simulations and experimental validation were performed on a 1×16 Uniform Linear Array (ULA) system with a conventional beamformer.

Main Results:

  • The conventional beamformer on a ULA system achieved 89.80% accuracy in object detection under well-conditioned scenarios but failed in noisy environments.
  • The proposed hybrid robust beamformer on the 30×30 URA system demonstrated superior performance in simulations.
  • The advanced phased array radar system achieved an overall accuracy of 99.29% for multiple object detection and interference rejection.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed hybrid robust beamforming approach significantly enhances phased array radar performance in challenging, noisy environments.
  • The 30×30 URA-based system with the novel beamformer offers a robust solution for multi-object detection and interference suppression.
  • This advanced radar technology represents a substantial improvement over conventional radar systems for complex operational scenarios.