A Cost-Effective, Multifunctional, Clinical-Oriented Double-Layer Electrospinning Membrane for Corneal Repair

Corneal defects present a global challenge exacerbated by donor scarcity and the limitations of the amniotic membrane (AM), including variability and poor mechanical strength. Herein, we developed a multifunctional, double-layered artificial basement membrane via electrospinning, comprising a chitosan/polyvinylpyrrolidone barrier layer and a polycaprolactone/gelatin regenerative layer. Crucially, the recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) was encapsulated within the membrane to achieve a controlled release profile aligned with the physiological cycle of corneal regeneration. This design leverages interactions between natural and synthetic polymers to ensure the optimal mechanical robustness and transparency. In a rabbit corneal defect model, the membrane demonstrated excellent biocompatibility, promoting sustained re-epithelialization. This innovation offers a superior, standardized alternative to AM, addressing cost, handling, and quality control issues to provide an accessible solution for corneal repair.