Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 8, 2026

In Vitro Enzyme Measurement to Test Pharmacological Chaperone Responsiveness in Fabry and Pompe Disease
Published on: December 20, 2017
Rational design and applications of piperazine and cyclohexane ionizable lipids for PKU and SSADH deficiency
Jiyeon Son1,2, Hyunjung Yoo1, Joonyoung Park1
1Department of Research & Development, GC Biopharma Corp., Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 16924, Republic of Korea.
Abstract:
A significant challenge of mRNA-based protein replacement therapies is the diminishing efficacy and escalating toxicity associated with repeated dosing of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). Many existing lipid formulations were originally designed for vaccine and are not optimized for therapeutic applications. We developed two libraries of ionizable lipids-one based on piperazine and the other on a newly introduced cyclohexane structure-with variations in linker and tail groups to enhance molecular diversity. GC Biopharma's cyclohexane- and piperazine-based LNPs (GCP LNPs) supported stable and high-level expression without inducing liver toxicity under repeated dosing regimens. These LNPs effectively corrected disease markers in mouse models of phenylketonuria (PKU) and succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) deficiency. Specially, we observed that the rigid structure and chemical stability of cyclohexane-based lipids contributed to sustained delivery performance. These findings offer a promising direction for the development of LNPs suitable for chronic mRNA-based therapies.
Related Concept Videos
Pore Transport and Ion-Pair Transport
Pore transport, also known as convective transport, is a process where small molecules like urea, water, and sugars rapidly cross cell membranes as though there were channels or pores in the membrane. Although direct microscopic evidence is limited but the concept of pores or channels is widely accepted based on physiological evidence. Despite the lack of direct...
Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug pKa, Lipophilicity and GI pH
A drug's pKa and the pH of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract play crucial roles...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption
Bioavailability Enhancement: Determination and Conceptual Approaches in Overcoming Bioavailability Problems

