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Thyroid dysfunction in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A case-control study.

Harshit Malkan1, Bhavita Patel2, Mahesh G Solu1

  • 1Department of General Medicine, Dr. Kiran C Patel Medical College and Research Institute, Bharuch, Gujarat, India.

Bioinformation
|December 15, 2025
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Summary

Thyroid dysfunction is common in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Worsening thyroid function correlates with NAFLD severity, indicating a need for thyroid screening in NAFLD patients.

Keywords:
Metabolic dysfunctionnon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)thyroid dysfunction

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Hepatology
  • Metabolic Syndrome

Background:

  • Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a hepatic consequence of metabolic dysfunction.
  • Emerging research suggests a connection between NAFLD and thyroid abnormalities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in patients with NAFLD.
  • To explore the association between NAFLD severity and thyroid function.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 120 adult participants.
  • Assessment of thyroid function (overt and subclinical hypothyroidism) in relation to NAFLD status and severity.

Main Results:

  • Thyroid dysfunction was more prevalent in NAFLD cases compared to controls.
  • Overt hypothyroidism affected 20% and subclinical hypothyroidism 5% of NAFLD patients.
  • A significant correlation was observed between increased NAFLD severity and higher rates of overt hypothyroidism (66.7% in Grade 3 cases).

Conclusions:

  • A strong association exists between impaired thyroid function and the severity of NAFLD.
  • Routine thyroid screening is recommended for individuals diagnosed with NAFLD to aid in comprehensive management.