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The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...
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The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
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The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
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CONGENITAL ANOMALIES OF THE UPPER LIMBS IN A UNIVERSITY CENTER: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.

Danilo José Leite Gomes1, Rodrigo Guerra Sabongi1, Vinicius Ynoe de Moraes1

  • 1Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia (EPM-UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.

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|December 15, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study analyzed congenital anomalies of the upper limbs (CAULs), finding syndactyly most common. Individualized treatment is crucial for managing these hand conditions.

Keywords:
Clinical EpidemiologyCongenital abnormalitiesHand DeformitiesUpper extremity

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Area of Science:

  • Hand Surgery
  • Microsurgery
  • Congenital Anomalies

Background:

  • Congenital Anomalies of the Upper Limbs (CAULs) require epidemiological understanding.
  • Effective management strategies for CAULs are essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence and characteristics of CAULs treated at a university center.
  • To enhance the epidemiological understanding and management of CAULs.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of 296 patients diagnosed with CAULs from January 2014 to February 2023.
  • Data collected from medical records including anomaly type, laterality, and treatment.
  • Descriptive statistical analyses and association tests were performed.

Main Results:

  • Syndactyly (20.3%) was the most prevalent CAUL, followed by preaxial polydactyly (17.9%) and camptodactyly (11.5%).
  • Bilateral involvement was observed in 35.1% of patients.
  • 50% received conservative treatment, while 34.46% required surgical intervention.

Conclusions:

  • Findings reinforce the predominance of syndactyly among CAULs.
  • Highlights the importance of individualized treatment strategies for congenital hand anomalies.
  • Provides an overview of CAULs, aiding in epidemiological understanding and management.