Intrathoracic Goitre Extending Into the Posterior Mediastinum: A Case Report

Intrathoracic goitre (ITG) with posterior mediastinal extension is rare and may present with compressive respiratory symptoms. We report a 55-year-old woman with long-standing shortness of breath and a history of thyroid surgery. Examination revealed only minimal cervical swelling, but imaging demonstrated a large posterior mediastinal mass consistent with an ITG. The mass was successfully excised through a combined cervical and sternotomy approach, and the patient made an uneventful recovery. This case underscores the need to consider ITG in patients with unexplained respiratory symptoms even when cervical findings are minimal, and it highlights the value of imaging and timely surgical intervention in preventing complications.