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Incidence and Risk Factors for Ventricular Arrhythmias in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Presenting to the

Farhan Ali Mazhar1, Shafaq Rubab2, Asrar Haider2

  • 1Respiratory/Acute Medicine, Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley, GBR.

Cureus
|December 15, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Ventricular arrhythmias affect nearly one-third of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients, primarily within 48 hours. Early ECG monitoring and managing risk factors like hypertension and diabetes are crucial for better outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Internal Medicine
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Ventricular arrhythmias are a severe complication of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), increasing the risk of hemodynamic instability and sudden cardiac death.
  • Effective management and risk stratification are crucial for improving patient outcomes following AMI.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with AMI presenting to the emergency department.
  • To identify risk factors associated with the development of ventricular arrhythmias in AMI patients.
  • To assess the impact of ventricular arrhythmias on in-hospital outcomes, including mortality and length of stay.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional analytical study involving 196 patients diagnosed with AMI at Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan.
  • Continuous electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring was employed during the emergency department stay and throughout hospitalization (up to eight days).
  • Data collected included clinical, demographic, laboratory, and echocardiographic parameters to identify predictors of ventricular arrhythmias.

Main Results:

  • Ventricular arrhythmias were detected in 29.6% of AMI patients, with ventricular tachycardia in 19.9% and ventricular fibrillation in 9.7%.
  • The majority of events (70.7%) occurred within the first 48 hours post-AMI.
  • Significant risk factors included age > 60 years, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, anterior wall infarction, Killip class ≥ II, and delayed hospital arrival (> 6 hours).

Conclusions:

  • Ventricular arrhythmias complicate nearly one-third of AMI cases, predominantly in the early phase, and are linked to worse in-hospital outcomes.
  • Continuous ECG monitoring is vital for early detection of ventricular arrhythmias in AMI patients.
  • Key risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, older age, and delayed presentation necessitate targeted interventions to mitigate arrhythmia risk and improve survival.
Abstract

Keywords:
acute myocardial infarctionhypertensionin-hospital outcomespatientsrisk factorsventricular arrhythmiasventricular fibrillationventricular tachycardia

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