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Multimodal Volumetric Retinal Imaging by Oblique Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy oSLO and Optical Coherence Tomography OCT

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Wide-field cellular-resolution retinal imaging using deformable mirror-based sensorless adaptive optics time-domain

Yao Cai^1,2, Olivier Martinache¹, Maxime Bertrand³

¹Institut Langevin, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, Paris, France.

Biomedical Optics Express

|December 15, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new adaptive optics system for retinal imaging, achieving cellular resolution over a wider field of view. The simplified approach enhances imaging quality and aids clinical adoption for detailed eye examination.

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Biomedical Engineering
Optical Imaging

Background:

Adaptive optics (AO) provides cellular resolution retinal imaging but is limited by a narrow field of view (FOV).
Current AO systems face challenges in clinical adoption due to FOV limitations and complexity.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a deformable mirror (DM)-based sensorless AO time-domain full-field OCT (FFOCT) system.
To overcome the FOV limitations of conventional AO ophthalmoscopy.
To enable wide-field, cellular-resolution retinal imaging for clinical applications.

Main Methods:

Implemented a sensorless AO system using a deformable mirror (DM) integrated with full-field OCT (FFOCT).
Leveraged FFOCT's robustness to ocular aberrations under spatially incoherent illumination.
Utilized correction of 3-5 Zernike modes (defocus, astigmatism, coma) for aberration correction.

Main Results:

Demonstrated significant enhancement in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and resolution of fine retinal structures.
Achieved reliable visualization of cone photoreceptors near the foveal center (0.3°).
Enabled depth-resolved imaging of inner retinal features across a 5°x5° FOV at 500 Hz.

Conclusions:

The developed AO-FFOCT system simplifies AO implementation while achieving wide-field cellular resolution.
This approach addresses key limitations of current AO ophthalmoscopes.
Offers a promising pathway for wider clinical deployment of high-resolution retinal imaging.