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Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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Glaucoma: Overview

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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...

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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...

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From Innovation to Conservation: Sustainable Pathways in Vitreoretinal Practice.

Lorenzo Iuliano^1,2, Marco Gonfiantini¹, Francesco Bandello²

¹Department of Medicine-Ophthalmology, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.

Journal of Ophthalmology

|December 15, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Vitreoretinal surgery impacts the environment through disposable tools and potent gases like sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆). Implementing sustainable practices is crucial for reducing the carbon footprint without affecting patient care.

Keywords:

carbon footprint disposable fluorinated gases global warming potential greenhouse gas sustainability vitreoretinal surgery

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Environmental Science
Surgical Innovation

Background:

Vitreoretinal surgery's environmental burden stems from disposable instruments, fluorinated gases, and energy use.
The practice's carbon footprint is significant and growing with increased surgical indications and single-use technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

To review sustainability in vitreoretinal surgery.
To identify key contributors to the carbon footprint and outline mitigation strategies.

Main Methods:

Narrative review of current vitreoretinal surgical practices.
Analysis of environmental impact data, focusing on tamponade agents like sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆).
Evaluation of strategies for reducing ecological costs.

Main Results:

Sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆) has a high global warming potential, significantly contributing to the carbon footprint.
Inefficient gas delivery, single-use instruments, and waste disposal exacerbate environmental impact.
Expanding surgical scope and reliance on disposables increase ecological costs.

Conclusions:

Sustainable vitreoretinal surgery is an environmental and ethical imperative.
Strategies include using air tamponade, gas dilution, reusable instruments, and teleophthalmology.
Sustainability can be achieved without compromising patient outcomes.