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A dual-responsive NIR fluorescent probe for GSH and viscosity: applications in models of cellular inflammation and

Sha Li1, Weize Xing1, Wei Wen1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Xinzhou Normal University Xinzhou 034000 China lisaa0612@163.com.

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Summary

A new near-infrared fluorescent probe, NIR-NOS, simultaneously detects mitochondrial glutathione (GSH) and viscosity in cancer cells. This dual-responsive probe offers precise cancer imaging and real-time tracking of mitochondrial functions.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Molecular Imaging
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Cancer is a leading global cause of death.
  • Elevated glutathione (GSH) and increased intracellular viscosity are key cancer cell biomarkers.
  • Mitochondrial dysfunction is critical in cancer progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a dual-responsive near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe, NIR-NOS, for simultaneous detection of mitochondrial GSH and viscosity.
  • To enable real-time visualization and tracking of these biomarkers in live cells.
  • To explore the potential of NIR-NOS in cancer imaging and understanding mitochondrial dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Design and synthesis of NIR-NOS probe utilizing NOS-Br for GSH response and a C≡C bond for viscosity sensitivity.
  • Spectroscopic analysis to evaluate probe performance, including selectivity and detection limit for GSH.
  • In vitro studies using nystatin and lipopolysaccharide to induce changes in mitochondrial GSH and viscosity, and to assess probe response and toxicity.

Main Results:

  • NIR-NOS exhibited significant fluorescence enhancement (turn-on) in response to GSH and viscosity.
  • The probe demonstrated high selectivity for GSH with a low detection limit (0.44 µM).
  • NIR-NOS effectively targeted mitochondria, showed low toxicity, and enabled real-time tracking of mitochondrial activities like vesicle formation and cell death.

Conclusions:

  • NIR-NOS is a novel, multifunctional NIR fluorescent probe for simultaneous detection of mitochondrial GSH and viscosity.
  • The probe facilitates advanced cancer imaging and live, in situ tracking of interconnected mitochondrial markers.
  • This technology provides deeper insights into mitochondrial redox regulation and environmental changes relevant to cancer.