Multifunctional Nanoscale Pigments: Emerging Risks and Circular Strategies for a Sustainable Future

The substantial penetration of nanoscale pigments into a range of sectors has changed the dynamics of industries such as medical, material science, and many more. Nonetheless, their persistence in the environment and probable adverse impacts on health require that an assessment of such risks be formulated considering the One Health perspective. This viewpoint considers the crossing of boundaries of progress in the nanotechnology of nanoscale pigments with environmental, animal, and human health and emphasizes the significance of collaborative activity. Traditional perspectives explain the distribution of pigment history, while the nanotechnology of today's accessibility poses problems regarding utilization, toxicities, and interactions with the environment. Through discussions of environmental pathways, health determinants, and regulatory insufficiencies, this work makes evident that pigments are critical both as emerging contaminant's and as innovation drivers. The necessary advancements in exposure minimization and sustainable practices are discussed as well, giving insight on benign-by-design techniques and circular economy solutions. Expanding the discussion of the existing knowledge and the gap where the ´One Health´ concept can be applied in physiochemical properties of pigments as well as governance, this work offers an approach to enabling risk while enhancing invention. It urges timely global action for sustainable, beneficial nanoscale pigment futures.