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Related Concept Videos

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

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The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...
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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

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Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
30.5K
Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

18.8K
For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
18.8K
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

48.0K
Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
48.0K
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

11.1K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
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Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

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Utilizing Single-Crystalline Transformations for Precise Atom Placement in Multicomponent Cluster-Based Coordination

Linfeng Chen1,2, Erika Samolova1,3, Mingjie Xu4

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California─San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|December 15, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new method for precisely placing multiple cations in polyoxometalate (POM)-based materials. This single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation strategy allows for controlled synthesis of complex, multicomponent materials with tailored properties.

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Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Cluster or superatom building-blocks enable modular semiconductor design with tunable properties.
  • Synthesizing complex metal oxides with precise element placement is challenging, especially for elements with similar chemical properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel strategy for synthesizing polyoxometalate (POM)-based coordination networks with precisely positioned multiple cations.
  • To demonstrate rational control over cation distribution in multicomponent materials.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) transformation.
  • Employing polyoxometalate (POM) labeling with encapsulated cations (Z) to track phase transformations.
  • Coordinatively assembling POMs with bridging metal cations.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized POM-based coordination networks with up to three different cations in defined positions.
  • Demonstrated that cation placement is governed by their availability during crystallization and transformation stages.
  • Confirmed retention of single crystallinity throughout the transformation process.

Conclusions:

  • The integrated POM labeling and SCSC transformation strategy enables precise control over cation distribution.
  • This approach provides a versatile platform for constructing multicomponent materials with high compositional and spatial accuracy.
  • Advances the design of advanced materials with emergent properties.