Sensory processing at 18 months is associated with social challenges at 3 years

This study investigated the relationship between sensory processing characteristics at 18 months and social responsiveness at 3 years of age in children, to explore the potential utility of sensory processing assessments in the early detection of autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Participants included 180 children (91 boys, 89 girls) born at an obstetrics and gynecology clinic. Mothers completed the Infant/Toddler Sensory Profile (ITSP) when children were 18 months old and the Social Responsiveness Scale Second Edition (SRS-2) at 3 years. The ITSP assesses sensory processing patterns based on neurological threshold and behavioral response/self-regulation, while the SRS-2 measures ASD severity, including Social Communication, Interpersonal Interactions, and Restricted Interests/Repetitive Behaviors.

The results revealed significant correlations between the ITSP quadrant and section scores at 18 months and SRS-2 scores at 3 years, suggesting that sensory processing characteristics in early childhood may be associated with subsequent social difficulties associated with ASD.

These findings highlight the potential value of assessing sensory processing in young children to improve early identification of ASD risk. Incorporating sensory processing evaluation into screening protocols may provide a new perspective and enhance the accuracy of early detection efforts, enabling earlier intervention and support for children with ASD and their families.