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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Examining Online Syntactic Processing of Spoken Complex Sentences in Chinese Using Dual-Modal Interference Tasks
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Dyadic Neural Synchronization: Differences between Offline and Computer-assisted Online Verbal Interaction.

Shiang Hu1, Piqiang Zhang1, Yuhao Fang1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Multimodal Cognitive Computation, School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China.

Human Brain Mapping
|December 15, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Computer-assisted online interactions (CAOI) show weaker neural synchronization than face-to-face verbal interactions (FVI). However, feedback and visual cues enhance synchronization in both online and offline settings, revealing key differences in communication neural mechanisms.

Keywords:
EEG hyperscanningbrain networkinterpersonal neural synchronizationtechnological online communicationverbal interaction

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Communication Studies
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Computer-assisted online interaction (CAOI) is replacing face-to-face verbal interaction (FVI).
  • Prior studies show differing interpersonal neural synchronization (INS) between online and offline verbal interaction (VI).
  • Specific differences across various FVI and CAOI modalities remain largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and compare interpersonal neural synchronization (INS) across diverse forms of face-to-face verbal interaction (FVI) and computer-assisted online interaction (CAOI).
  • To identify factors influencing neural synchronization during dyadic interactions, including feedback, visual information, and eye contact.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized electroencephalography (EEG) hyperscanning to simultaneously record brain activity from interacting pairs.
  • Designed naturalistic VI tasks across three conditions: online vs. offline, with vs. without feedback, and with vs. without visual information/eye contact.
  • Analyzed intersubject correlation and constructed brain-to-brain networks using phase lag index and phase locking value.

Main Results:

  • Interactions with feedback demonstrated significantly higher neural synchronization than those without.
  • Visual information and eye contact enhanced INS, indicating their importance in communication.
  • Computer-assisted online interaction (CAOI) generally showed reduced neural synchronization compared to face-to-face verbal interaction (FVI).
  • Interestingly, online text-based interactions also exhibited notable neural coupling.

Conclusions:

  • Significant variations in INS exist across different forms of FVI and CAOI.
  • Feedback and visual cues are critical modulators of neural synchronization in dyadic interactions.
  • The study provides crucial insights into the neural mechanisms underlying online communication and its differences from in-person interaction.