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Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Synthesis of pH Dependent Pyrazole, Imidazole, and Isoindolone Dipyrrinone Fluorophores using a Claisen-Schmidt Condensation Approach
Published on: June 10, 2021
Fluorine-substituted cyclometallated rhodium(III) complexes with α-diimine ancillary ligands: synthesis, structure,
Patryk Wójcik1, Camille Latouche2,3, Kinga Suwińska4
1University of Siedlce, Faculty of Natural Sciences, 3 Maja 54, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland. anna.kamecka@uws.edu.pl.
Abstract:
A series of cationic [Rh(dfppz)2(N^N)]+ complexes, incorporating cyclometallating 1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1H-pyrazolato and α-diimine ligands [2,2'-bipyridine, 1,10-phenanthroline and their derivatives], were synthesized as PF6- salts via cleavage of the μ-dichloro-bridged dimer [(dfppz)2Rh-μ-Cl]2 with the respective N^N ligands. The complexes were fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) studies were performed to gain insight into their electronic structures. At 77 K in 1 : 1 MeOH/EtOH glass matrices, the complexes exhibit intense luminescence, whereas in MeCN at ambient temperature, they are weakly emissive or non-emissive. Their photophysical behavior was systematically compared with that of non-fluorinated [Rh(ppz)2(N^N)]+ analogues to evaluate the impact of fluorination on the emission properties. Preliminary DNA-binding studies were also conducted using emission titrations.
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