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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Detection of Targetable Alterations in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer using Next-generation Sequencing

Detection of Targetable Alterations in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer using Next-generation Sequencing

Published on: October 10, 2025

Targeted Therapies in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Contemporary Review.

Ahmed Abdelmonem¹, Bidhan Bikram Shah², Mouza Al Shebli²

¹International Medicine Program, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC.

American Journal of Clinical Oncology

|December 15, 2025

Summary

Precision medicine for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) targets specific genetic mutations. This review covers key alterations, targeted therapies like TKIs, resistance mechanisms, and diagnostic tools for personalized NSCLC treatment.

Keywords:

KRAS G12C epidermal growth factor receptor mutation non–small cell lung carcinoma precision oncology targeted therapy

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Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Intratumoral Injection of Cisplatin for the Treatment of Isolated Mediastinal Recurrence of Lung Cancer

Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Intratumoral Injection of Cisplatin for the Treatment of Isolated Mediastinal Recurrence of Lung Cancer

Published on: February 12, 2017

Area of Science:

Oncology
Molecular Biology
Genetics

Background:

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality.
Precision oncology has revolutionized NSCLC treatment through mutation-driven strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To review clinically relevant genetic alterations in NSCLC.
To discuss targeted therapies, resistance mechanisms, and diagnostic approaches for personalized NSCLC treatment.

Main Methods:

Literature review of current evidence on NSCLC genetic alterations and targeted therapies.
Synthesis of information on FDA-approved and emerging agents, resistance pathways, and diagnostic tools.

Main Results:

Key genetic alterations include EGFR mutations, ALK rearrangements, ROS1 fusions, BRAF V600E, MET exon 14 skipping, RET/NTRK fusions, HER2 alterations, and KRAS G12C.
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and other agents show efficacy, but resistance pathways necessitate further strategies.

Conclusions:

Personalized therapy selection is guided by next-generation sequencing (NGS) and liquid biopsy.
Sequential and combination therapy approaches are crucial for managing NSCLC.