Periosteal Osteosarcoma: Emerging Clinical Concepts, Evolving Treatment Options: A Narrative Review

Area of Science:

• Orthopedic Oncology
• Bone Malignancies
• Skeletal Tumors

Background:

• Periosteal osteosarcomas are rare, accounting for <2% of bone malignancies.
• Previously thought to affect long bone diaphysis, now found in clavicle, mandible, and scapula.
• Limited data exists on optimal treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• Synthesize current data on periosteal osteosarcomas.
• Examine clinical, histologic, and radiographic presentations.
• Investigate potential biomarkers and recommend future research directions.

Main Methods:

• Literature review and synthesis of existing data.
• Analysis of clinical presentations, including pain management.
• Review of molecular findings and potential therapeutic targets.

Main Results:

• Survival and recurrence are influenced by stage, grade, and medullary invasion.
• Bone pain is a common symptom, managed with opioids and adjuvant drugs.
• Common mutations, like p53 gene, identified, suggesting future molecular targets.

Conclusions:

• Further research is needed to establish optimal treatment protocols.
• Biomarker discovery is crucial for targeted therapies.
• Understanding molecular alterations may guide future periosteal osteosarcoma management.