Using an ensemble modeling approach to predict the potential distribution for the Kashmir gray langur (Semnopithecus...

Area of Science:

• Ecology
• Conservation Biology
• Biodiversity Studies

Background:

• Species distribution data is vital for conservation, yet many primate species, especially in remote areas, remain unstudied.
• The Kashmir gray langur (Semnopithecus ajax), an arboreal folivore endemic to the North-Western Himalayas, is elusive due to its shy nature and challenging high-altitude habitat.

Purpose of the Study:

• To predict the distribution of the Kashmir gray langur in the Kashmir Himalayas.
• To identify key environmental factors influencing the langur's occurrence and habitat suitability.

Main Methods:

• An ensemble modeling approach was used, integrating 35 environmental variables and 144 occurrence points.
• Species distribution modeling was employed to predict suitable habitats and analyze variable importance.

Main Results:

• Suitable habitats were identified as forested mountainous areas with moderate slopes, mid-elevations, and low human disturbance.
• The model demonstrated high accuracy (mean AUC = 0.926, mean TSS = 0.78) and ecological relevance.
• Key factors influencing langur distribution included precipitation seasonality, terrain slope, and diurnal temperature ranges, favoring temperate deciduous and coniferous forests.

Conclusions:

• The Kashmir gray langur's habitat is strongly associated with specific temperate forest types vulnerable to climate change.
• Climate-adaptive management strategies and enhanced population monitoring are crucial for the long-term conservation of this species.
• Integrating these findings into conservation planning is recommended to ensure the species' survival.