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Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Machine Learning-Based Cough Tone Classification: Diagnostic Exploration of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Respiratory Tract Infections
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Census Tract Variability in COPD Emergency Department, Hospitalization, and Readmission Rates in Travis County,

Trisha M Parekh1, Peter Dunphy2, Emily M Hall3

  • 1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (Miami, Fla.)
|December 15, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation rates vary spatially across Travis County, linked to neighborhood factors for emergency visits and hospitalizations. Readmission rates showed no clear spatial patterns or neighborhood links.

Keywords:
COPD exacerbationcensus tract variabilityecological studyneighborhood

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental epidemiology
  • Public health
  • Spatial analysis

Background:

  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation rates vary significantly at local levels, yet the influence of neighborhood factors remains poorly understood.
  • Understanding spatial variations in COPD exacerbations is crucial for identifying at-risk populations and developing targeted interventions.
  • Fine-scale spatial analysis can reveal patterns in COPD morbidity and associated environmental or socioeconomic determinants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To map the spatial distribution of emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations for COPD exacerbations across census tracts in Travis County, Texas.
  • To investigate the relationship between neighborhood characteristics and census tract-level rates of COPD-related acute care utilization.
  • To assess the spatial patterns and neighborhood associations of COPD readmission rates.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Texas Health Care Information Collection (THCIC) data and U.S. Census Bureau's American Community Survey (ACS) data (2016-2020).
  • Calculated census tract-specific population-based incidence rates (PBIRs) and readmission rates for COPD exacerbations.
  • Employed conditional autoregressive models for spatial mapping and examined associations between neighborhood factors and morbidity rates.

Main Results:

  • COPD-related ED visits and hospitalizations displayed distinct spatial patterns across Travis County census tracts.
  • COPD readmission rates showed less pronounced spatial patterning compared to initial acute care visits.
  • Demographic, socioeconomic, and built environment characteristics were associated with COPD ED visit and hospitalization rates, but not readmission rates.

Conclusions:

  • Significant spatial patterns exist for COPD exacerbation-related ED visits and hospitalizations in Travis County, influenced by neighborhood characteristics.
  • COPD readmission rates did not exhibit clear spatial clustering or significant associations with neighborhood factors.
  • Findings highlight the importance of place-based factors in COPD acute care utilization, suggesting tailored public health strategies.