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Impact of an integrated intervention package during preconception, pregnancy, and early childhood on inflammation, IGF-1, IGFBP3 during first 6 months of life: Findings from the WINGS randomized controlled trial

Ranadip Chowdhury^1,2, Urmimala Maiti¹, Sarita Devi³

¹Society for Applied Studies, New Delhi, India.

PLOS Global Public Health

|December 15, 2025

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View abstract on PubMed

Summary

An integrated early-life intervention did not reduce infant inflammation or improve growth factors in the first six months. Further research is needed on long-term effects of such interventions in low-resource settings.

Area of Science:

Pediatric Health
Maternal Health
Nutritional Science
Immunology

Background:

Early-life interventions can impact infant growth and immunity by modulating inflammation and growth factors.
Limited causal evidence exists for comprehensive, integrated early-life interventions.
Systemic inflammation and growth factor pathways are key targets for optimizing child development.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the impact of an integrated preconception to early childhood intervention on infant inflammatory and growth factor biomarkers.
To assess the effect of a multi-component intervention on C-reactive protein (CRP), alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP3).

Main Methods:

A factorial randomized controlled trial nested within a larger study.

Intervention included preconception care, nutrition, WASH, and psychosocial support.

Biomarker analysis in 381 infants at 3 and 6 months using generalized linear models.

Main Results:

No significant differences in CRP or AGP levels between intervention and control groups at 3 or 6 months.
No significant differences in IGF-1 concentrations were observed.
IGFBP3 was lower in the intervention group at 3 months, but this effect was not sustained at 6 months.

Conclusions:

An integrated intervention from preconception through early childhood did not reduce systemic inflammation markers or improve growth factor profiles in the first six months of life.
Findings suggest the complexity of early-life inflammatory processes and the need for long-term follow-up.
Further research is required to understand the long-term effects of such interventions in low-resource settings.