Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Focusing of Light in the Eye

Focusing of Light in the Eye

Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Ultra-fast inverse design of an on-chip diffractive optical neural network via two-step decomposition.

Optics express·2026

Same author

Establishment of antibodies-based novel multi-modal highly sensitive immunoassay platforms for detecting Bacillus thuringiensis Vip3Aa toxin in agricultural samples.

Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry·2026

Same author

Generation of an Insecticidal Human Domain Antibody from a Phage Library Targeting <i>Plutella xylostella</i> Brush-Border Membrane Vesicles.

Current issues in molecular biology·2026

Same author

Assessing the effects of high concentration of pure Cry proteins exposure on the Eisenia fetida by allying transcriptome analysis with toxicological evaluation.

Ecotoxicology (London, England)·2026

Same author

Dual-receptors traction-based directional design of a novel anti-idiotypic insecticidal antibody for simulating Bacillus thuringiensis cry toxin against Plutella xylostella.

Pest management science·2026

Same author

Corrigendum to "Construction and characterization of a novel single-chain variable fragment against Bacillus thuringiensis vegetative insecticidal protein" [Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 328 (2025)147690].

International journal of biological macromolecules·2026

Same journal

Gaussian-modulated continuous-variable quantum key distribution over 60 km fiber using an integrated silicon photonic receiver.

Optics letters·2026

Same journal

E2E-OCT: end-to-end joint learning model using optical coherence tomography images for vocal cord leukoplakia diagnosis.

Optics letters·2026

Same journal

Holographic generation of panoramic 3D scenes by concave ellipsoidal mirror reflection.

Optics letters·2026

Same journal

Dual-pilot phase recovery with pair-wise maximum-ratio combining for coherent PONs.

Optics letters·2026

Same journal

Mapping the whispering gallery modes of a CaF<sub>2</sub> disk resonator with half-tapered fibers to estimate the fundamental mode volume.

Optics letters·2026

Same journal

Quantitative estimation of deep-subwavelength scale via dark-field scattering axial energy concentration decay profiles.

Optics letters·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Bringing the Visible Universe into Focus with Robo-AO

Bringing the Visible Universe into Focus with Robo-AO

Published on: February 12, 2013

Wavefront correction with a diffractive optical neural network in-the-loop.

Fansanqiu Li, Xianjin Liu, Jun-Jun Xiao

|December 15, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces an all-optical wavefront calibration using a diffractive optical neural network (DONN). This method achieves real-time correction without sensors, offering broad generalization for optical systems.

More Related Videos

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Published on: March 20, 2017

$Comparison of Agreement and Accuracy using Binocular Wavefront Optometer with Autorefractor and Phoropter$

Comparison of Agreement and Accuracy using Binocular Wavefront Optometer with Autorefractor and Phoropter

Published on: September 16, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Bringing the Visible Universe into Focus with Robo-AO

Bringing the Visible Universe into Focus with Robo-AO

Published on: February 12, 2013

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Published on: March 20, 2017

$Comparison of Agreement and Accuracy using Binocular Wavefront Optometer with Autorefractor and Phoropter$

Comparison of Agreement and Accuracy using Binocular Wavefront Optometer with Autorefractor and Phoropter

Published on: September 16, 2025

Area of Science:

Optics and Photonics
Artificial Intelligence
Optical Engineering

Background:

Wavefront correction is critical across diverse scientific and technological fields.
Existing wavefront correction methods often require wavefront sensors and can be complex.
Challenges remain in achieving real-time, sensorless, and broadly applicable wavefront correction.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop an all-optical wavefront calibration routine.
To enable real-time wavefront correction without the need for a wavefront sensor.
To demonstrate a generalized and adaptable wavefront correction approach.

Main Methods:

Proposed an all-optical wavefront calibration routine utilizing a diffractive optical neural network (DONN).
The DONN comprises pre-trained multi-layer phase modulation pixel arrays.
Implemented a DONN-in-the-loop approach for optical system calibration.

Main Results:

Achieved real-time wavefront correction without relying on a wavefront sensor.
The optimized DONN demonstrated the capability to compensate for unknown wavefront distortions.
The system exhibited broad generalization, requiring no task-specific retraining for new distortions.

Conclusions:

The proposed method offers a rapid and efficient approach to optical system calibration.
Established a broadly applicable and nearly all-optical wavefront correction technique.
The DONN-in-the-loop system presents a significant advancement in optical wavefront control.