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Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
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Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...
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Excellent defluorination performance in defective CoNiO2 based asymmetric flow capacitive deionization system.

Mingliang Yang1, Yongqi Liu2, Zhongtao Shang3

  • 1College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
|December 15, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel asymmetric flow electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) method using defective metallic rock salts for efficient fluoride removal from wastewater. The new technique offers high adsorption capacity and stability, addressing limitations of traditional methods.

Keywords:
Capacitive deionizationDefective metal oxideDefluorinationFlow electrode

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Industrial fluorine-containing wastewater poses significant environmental and health risks.
  • Traditional fluoride removal methods often have limitations such as secondary pollution or high costs.
  • Flow electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) shows promise but struggles with mismatched ion adsorption and energy efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an improved asymmetric FCDI system for efficient fluoride (F-) removal from wastewater.
  • To address the limitations of conventional FCDI, including mismatched ion adsorption and energy consumption.
  • To investigate the use of defective metallic rock salts as advanced electrode materials.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of asymmetric FCDI electrodes using defective metallic rock salts (CoNiO2) with carbon black (CB) as anodic material and Prussian blue derivatives (CoHCC) as cathodic electrode.
  • Performance evaluation of the CoNiO2/CB electrode for fluoride adsorption capacity, energy consumption, and stability.
  • Utilizing experimental characterizations and computational modeling to understand the defluorination mechanism.

Main Results:

  • The CoNiO2/CB electrode demonstrated high F- adsorption capacity (13.78 mg/g) and low energy consumption (5.39 J/mg) at 1.2 V for 1000 mg/L NaF solution.
  • Improved F- removal (approaching 95%) and adsorption capacity (19 mg/g) were achieved at 1.6 V with 500 mg/L NaF.
  • The electrode exhibited excellent stability in treating fluoridated wastewater.

Conclusions:

  • Defective metallic rock salts (CoNiO2/CB) are effective anodic materials for asymmetric FCDI, significantly enhancing fluoride removal.
  • The enhanced defluorination performance is attributed to F- intercalation in oxygen defects within the CoNiO2 structure.
  • This study presents a promising defective strategy for improving defluorination in wastewater treatment using asymmetric FCDI.