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Related Concept Videos

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

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Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
854
Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

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Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
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Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
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Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction

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Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
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Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care01:20

Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care

277
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) requires a collaborative healthcare approach to restore renal function and prevent complications. Essential management strategies involve monitoring fluid and electrolyte balance, adjusting medications, initiating dialysis when necessary, and providing nutritional support.Fluid and Electrolyte ManagementFluid Monitoring: Regularly monitoring body weight, central venous pressure, and urine output helps detect fluid imbalances early. Patient intake and output are...
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Acute Kidney Injury VI: Nursing Management01:22

Acute Kidney Injury VI: Nursing Management

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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) results in an inability to maintain fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. Effective nursing management is critical in improving patient outcomes and includes comprehensive patient assessment and targeted interventions.Comprehensive Patient AssessmentA detailed history collection is essential, focusing on any recent infections, nephrotoxic medication use, or chronic conditions such as hypertension and diabetes that may contribute to AKI. During the physical...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion
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Atraumatic grade five renal injury.

Phaedra Rampersad1, Silas Webb2, David Connor1

  • 1Emergency Medicine, Chelsea and Westminster Healthcare NHS Trust, London, England, UK.

BMJ Case Reports
|December 15, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A young woman experienced severe flank pain and fainting after deadlifts, revealing a grade V renal injury and retroperitoneal hemorrhage. Prompt intervention, including renal artery embolization, was crucial for her survival.

Keywords:
ResuscitationUrological surgery

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Area of Science:

  • Emergency Medicine
  • Nephrology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Atraumatic renal injury is a rare condition.
  • Flank pain can present atypically, mimicking musculoskeletal issues.
  • Retroperitoneal hemorrhage may not have obvious external trauma indicators.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight a rare case of atraumatic renal injury.
  • To emphasize the importance of considering renal injury in flank pain differentials.
  • To discuss diagnostic challenges and management of retroperitoneal hemorrhage.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a young female presenting with flank pain post-exercise.
  • Diagnostic workup including point-of-care ultrasound and advanced imaging.
  • Management involved hemodynamic stabilization and interventional radiology.

Main Results:

  • Diagnosis of grade V renal injury and active retroperitoneal hemorrhage.
  • Patient became hemodynamically unstable, requiring major hemorrhage protocol.
  • Successful renal artery embolization at a tertiary center.

Conclusions:

  • Emergency physicians must consider renal injury in flank pain, even without trauma.
  • Diagnostic modalities like ultrasound can be unreliable for retroperitoneal bleeding.
  • Prompt recognition and multidisciplinary management are key for rare renal injuries.