The Role of Hydrogen Sulfide in Peripheral Nervous System Modulation

Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is a gasotransmitter that contributes to the regulation of peripheral nervous system (PNS) function. H₂S is produced by several enzymes whose expression changes under different physiological and pathological conditions, influencing how peripheral neurons respond to environmental and internal signals. H₂S modulates neuronal excitability through its actions on ion channels and through interactions with other gasotransmitters, shaping sensory, autonomic, and pain-related pathways. In autonomic circuits, H₂S adjusts sympathetic and parasympathetic activity. Through these actions, it affects cardiovascular control, gastrointestinal motility, and respiratory rhythm. In pain pathways, H₂S can modulate nociception in either direction, with its effectsshaped by the physiological or pathological state. H₂S participates in multiple pain conditions and contributes to changes in peripheral and spinal processing that influence pain sensitivity. Overall, H₂S influences several components of peripheral neurobiology and represents a potential target for strategies aimed at treating autonomic dysfunction and chronic pain.