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Related Concept Videos

Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages00:43

Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages

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In contrast to the lytic cycle, phages infecting bacteria via the lysogenic cycle do not immediately kill their host cell. Instead, they combine their genome with the host genome, allowing the bacteria to replicate the phage DNA along with the bacterial genome. The incorporated copy of the phage genome is called the prophage. Some prophages can re-activate and enter the lytic cycle. This often occurs in response to a perturbation, such as DNA damage, but can also transpire in the absence of...
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Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages01:30

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Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the...
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Viral Replication: Lytic Cycle01:20

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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria. Among them, T-even bacteriophages, such as T4, exhibit a well-characterized lytic replication cycle in Escherichia coli (E. coli). This process ensures the rapid proliferation of the virus while ultimately leading to the destruction of the bacterial host.Attachment and DNA InjectionThe infection process begins with the recognition and binding of the T4 phage to the E. coli cell surface. Tail fibers of the phage...
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Viral Replication: Lysogenic Cycle01:16

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The lysogenic cycle is a crucial viral replication strategy that allows bacteriophages to persist within host cells without immediately destroying them. This process is primarily observed in temperate phages, such as bacteriophage lambda (λ), which infects Escherichia coli. The cycle allows the viral genome to persist across bacterial generations while keeping host cells viable.Integration of the Viral GenomeUpon infection, bacteriophage lambda attaches to the bacterial surface and injects...
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DNA Bacteriophages01:26

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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria, utilizing their genetic material to hijack host cellular machinery for replication. DNA bacteriophages employ single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes. These phages exhibit diverse replication strategies and host interactions, influencing their ecological roles and applications in biotechnology and medicine.ssDNA BacteriophagesssDNA phages, with their small genomes, utilize unique strategies to...
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What are Viruses?00:50

What are Viruses?

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Overview
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  3. Research Domains
  5. Biological Sciences
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  9. Synthetic Biology
  11. A Synthetic Cell Phage Cycle

A synthetic cell phage cycle

Antoine Levrier1,2,3,4, Paul Soudier5, David Garenne5

  • 1School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. alt.levrier@gmail.com.

Nature Communications
|December 15, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Synthesis of Infectious Bacteriophages in an E. coli-based Cell-free Expression System
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Following Cell-fate in E. coli After Infection by Phage Lambda
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Construction of Synthetic Phage Displayed Fab Library with Tailored Diversity
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Construction of Synthetic Phage Displayed Fab Library with Tailored Diversity

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View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created a cell-free system to study viral infections. This synthetic cell model successfully replicated T7 bacteriophages, offering a new platform for virology research.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Synthetic Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Viral infection is a fundamental biological process observed across all living organisms.
  • Studying viral replication typically requires living host cells, limiting in vitro investigations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a completely cell-free system for reconstructing and analyzing the viral infection cycle.
  • To utilize synthetic cells with specific membrane compositions to host viral replication.

Main Methods:

  • Development of synthetic cells with lipopolysaccharides on their lipid membranes.
  • Encapsulation of a cell-free gene expression system within the synthetic cells.
  • Tracking and quantification of individual steps in the T7 phage infection cycle within the synthetic cells.

Related Experiment Videos

Synthesis of Infectious Bacteriophages in an E. coli-based Cell-free Expression System
11:33

Synthesis of Infectious Bacteriophages in an E. coli-based Cell-free Expression System

Published on: August 17, 2017

15.4K
Following Cell-fate in E. coli After Infection by Phage Lambda
06:10

Following Cell-fate in E. coli After Infection by Phage Lambda

Published on: October 14, 2011

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Construction of Synthetic Phage Displayed Fab Library with Tailored Diversity
12:31

Construction of Synthetic Phage Displayed Fab Library with Tailored Diversity

Published on: May 1, 2018

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Main Results:

  • Demonstration of T7 phage adsorption, genome entry, replication, and assembly within synthetic cells.
  • Quantification of key infection parameters such as multiplicity of infection and replication efficiency.
  • Identification of liposome size constraints and phage rebinding dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • An all-cell-free platform for viral infection research has been successfully established.
  • This in vitro system provides a defined and versatile tool for investigating molecular mechanisms of viral replication.
  • The platform enables detailed study of viral-host interactions using individual molecular components.