Recent advances in methods for establishing animal models of premature ovarian failure

Premature ovarian failure is a condition characterized by the progressive decline in ovarian function resulting from various etiologies, significantly affecting the reproductive health, psychological well-being, and overall quality of life of women of reproductive age. Understanding its pathophysiology, investigating effective prevention and therapeutic interventions, and developing standardized animal models are of critical importance. This review systematically examines and compares the primary methodologies employed by researchers worldwide to establish animal models of premature ovarian failure, including pharmacological agents, iatrogenic factors, environmental and chemical exposures, metabolic dysregulation, and immune-mediated processes. The discussion highlights their clinical relevance, aiming to provide a theoretical framework and reference for model selection in foundational studies of Premature ovarian failure.