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Standardized porcine robotic transversus abdominis release training: the SPORT model
Francesco Brucchi1, Annabelle De Troyer2, Maaike Vierstraete3
1University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono, 7, Milan, Italy. francesco.brucchi@unimi.it.
Surgical Endoscopy
|December 16, 2025
Summary
The SPORT model provides a realistic porcine training framework for robotic transversus abdominis release (TAR). This standardized approach helps surgeons master complex abdominal wall reconstruction techniques before patient procedures.
Area of Science:
- Surgical innovation
- Robotic surgery
- Anatomical training
Background:
- Robotic platforms are increasingly used for abdominal wall reconstruction.
- Transversus abdominis release (TAR) is a technically demanding procedure with a steep learning curve.
- Structured training is crucial for safe implementation of robotic TAR.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and validate the Standardized POrcine Robotic Transversus abdominis release Training (SPORT) model.
- To create a stepwise, high-fidelity training platform for robotic TAR.
- To provide a reproducible framework for surgical education in robotic abdominal wall reconstruction.
Main Methods:
- Ethical approval obtained for use of crossbred pigs.
- Open and laparoscopic dissections performed to study abdominal wall anatomy.
- A structured stepwise robotic TAR (rTAR) protocol was developed and tested on various robotic platforms.
Main Results:
- The SPORT model accurately replicates key human abdominal wall anatomical features.
- The model includes critical landmarks, potential pitfalls, and system-specific docking maneuvers.
- A step-by-step description of the rTAR procedure within the model is provided.
Conclusions:
- The SPORT model offers a realistic and reproducible training environment for robotic TAR.
- It enables surgeons to practice both classical and modified techniques prior to human patient surgery.
- SPORT bridges the gap between cadaveric/synthetic training and live surgery, enhancing robotic abdominal wall reconstruction curricula.
