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Microbubble enhanced CO₂-to-ethanol conversion for artificial CC condensation pathways.

Wanrong Dong¹, Xiuling Ji², Boxia Guo³

¹Beijing Key Laboratory of Solid State Battery and Energy Storage Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Mesoscience and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.

Bioresource Technology

|December 16, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created short artificial pathways to convert carbon dioxide (CO2) into ethanol, improving carbon conversion efficiency. This CO2-to-ethanol system offers a carbon-neutral route for renewable biofuels.

Keywords:

C-C bonding enzymes CO(2) bioconversion Carbon conversion rate Ethanol synthesis Microbubble Short artificial pathway

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Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Synthetic Biology
Chemical Engineering

Background:

Efficient upcycling of carbon dioxide (CO2) into renewable biofuels is crucial for sustainable development.
Current artificial pathways for CO2 conversion often involve complex, multi-step processes, limiting efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

To design and demonstrate minimized artificial pathways for CO2-to-ethanol (CTE) conversion.
To optimize a novel pathway for enhanced carbon conversion efficiency and ethanol yield.

Main Methods:

Development of two linear artificial CTE pathways (CTE 2.1 and CTE 2.2) utilizing carbon-carbon (CC) bonding enzymes like glycolaldehyde synthase (GALS) and phosphoketolase (PKT).
Optimization of the PKT-mediated CTE 2.2 pathway through enzyme screening for formaldehyde condensation activity and enhanced CO2 solubility via microbubble aeration.
Characterization of ethanol yield and carbon conversion rates for the optimized pathway.

Main Results:

Demonstration of two artificial CTE pathways, with the PKT-mediated CTE 2.2 pathway comprising only six reaction steps.
Achieved an ethanol yield of 1.029 mM and a carbon conversion rate of 33.5 nmol/mg·min with the optimized CTE 2.2 pathway.
The optimized pathway outperformed previously reported artificial CO2 upcycling systems.

Conclusions:

The developed carbon-conserved and ATP-independent CO2-to-ethanol system provides an efficient and carbon-neutral route for biofuel production.
This work presents a significant advancement in artificial pathways for CO2 valorization, contributing to sustainable development goals.