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Functional Classification of Joints
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Generalized Joint Hypermobility in Adults: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis to Identify Data-Driven Cut-offs

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Joint hypermobility (GJH) screening requires age-specific Beighton scores. Recommended cut-offs for young adults, adults, and older adults are ≥6, ≥5, and ≥4, respectively, for accurate GJH identification.

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Orthopedics
  • General Practice

Background:

  • Joint hypermobility syndrome (GHS) is a common condition.
  • The Beighton score is widely used to assess joint hypermobility.
  • Standardized screening criteria for GJH in the general adult population are lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze studies on Beighton scores in adults.
  • To determine appropriate Beighton score cut-offs for screening GJH across different age groups.

Main Methods:

  • Searched AMED, Medline, Embase, and CINAHL databases up to June 2024.
  • Included studies reporting Beighton scores in adults (≥18 years).
  • Performed meta-analysis on extracted data grouped by age and sex.

Main Results:

  • Analyzed 46 studies (n=23,000). Overall GJH prevalence at ≥6/9 was 2%.
  • Prevalence varied by age: 5% (≥6) in young adults (18-25), 1.5% (≥5) in adults (26-65), and 6.5% (≥4) in older adults (≥65).
  • No significant sex differences in prevalence were found.

Conclusions:

  • Beighton score cut-offs for GJH screening should be age-dependent.
  • Recommended cut-offs: ≥6/9 for 18-25 years, ≥5/9 for 26-65 years, and ≥4/9 for >65 years.