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Fraud Detection and Prevention in Online Research: Lessons Learned and Recommendations.

Emma Marston1, Kayla Herbell2, Audrey Roach1

  • 1University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee School of Nursing, WI, USA.

Western Journal of Nursing Research
|December 16, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers must implement fraud prevention strategies for online studies. This paper offers a customizable fraud protocol template to detect and address research fraud, safeguarding data integrity and public trust.

Keywords:
Internet researchdata integrityfraudinstitutional review boardresearch methodssocial media

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Area of Science:

  • Nursing Research
  • Online Studies
  • Research Integrity

Background:

  • Fraudulent research activities pose risks to data integrity, public trust, and future research.
  • Online studies and recruitment methods necessitate proactive strategies for fraud prevention, assessment, and remediation.
  • Existing literature on research fraud mitigation is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe fraud instances in three qualitative and quantitative nursing research case studies.
  • To provide practical recommendations and a customizable fraud protocol template for online studies.
  • To equip investigators with tools for assessing and responding to research fraud.

Main Methods:

  • Case study analysis of three nursing research projects involving fraud.
  • Development of a novel, adaptable fraud protocol template for investigators.
  • Inclusion of strategies for fraud remediation, assessment, and prevention.

Main Results:

  • Detailed descriptions of fraud that occurred in the case studies.
  • Presentation of a customizable fraud protocol template for practical application.
  • Recommendations for universal fraud protections in online research.

Conclusions:

  • Research fraud is a significant issue in online studies.
  • Investigators should adopt universal fraud protection measures.
  • The proposed fraud protocol template is adaptable for various online study methodologies.