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Betel-quid Use Is Associated with Depression.

Perl Han Lee^1,2, Jiun-Hung Geng^3,4,5,6,7, Szu-Chia Chen^8,9,10

¹Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.

International Journal of Medical Sciences

|December 16, 2025

Summary

Betel-quid use is linked to depression, with a higher risk observed in those who consume 11-30 betel quids daily. This study highlights a potential dose-response relationship between betel-quid consumption and mental health outcomes.

Keywords:

Betel-quid use depression epidemiologic study risk factors

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Area of Science:

Public Health
Epidemiology
Mental Health Research

Background:

Betel-quid consumption is a known risk factor for various cancers and adverse health conditions.
The specific impact of betel-quid use on the prevalence of depression remains under-investigated.
Understanding this association is crucial for public health initiatives targeting substance use and mental well-being.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine the relationship between betel-quid use and the occurrence of depression.
To identify if betel-quid consumption is an independent risk factor for depressive symptoms.
To explore potential dose-response effects in the association between betel-quid use and depression.

Main Methods:

Analysis of data from 43,636 male participants in the Taiwan Biobank.
Categorization of participants into 'never-user' and 'ever-user' groups based on betel-quid consumption history.
Logistic regression modeling to assess the association between betel-quid use and self-reported depression history.

Main Results:

A statistically significant association was found between betel-quid use and depression (adjusted odds ratio = 1.265).
Daily consumption of 11-30 betel quids showed a positive association with depression compared to consuming 10 or fewer.
No significant association between depression and the consumption of over 30 betel quids daily was observed, suggesting a non-linear relationship.

Conclusions:

Betel-quid use is significantly associated with an increased likelihood of depression.
The relationship between the quantity of betel-quid consumed and depression may not be linear.
Further research is warranted to elucidate the complex mechanisms underlying the link between betel-quid use and mental health.