Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Phosphorus Cycle01:21

The Phosphorus Cycle

43.5K
Unlike carbon, water, and nitrogen, phosphorus is not present in the atmosphere as a gas. Instead, most phosphorus in the ecosystem exists as compounds, such as phosphate ions (PO43-), found in soil, water, sediment and rocks. Phosphorus is often a limiting nutrient (i.e., in short supply). Consequently, phosphorus is added to most agricultural fertilizers, which can cause environmental problems related to runoff in aquatic ecosystems.
43.5K
Oxygenic Photosynthesis01:26

Oxygenic Photosynthesis

680
Oxygenic photosynthesis is a fundamental process in which light energy is harnessed to drive the oxidation of water, leading to the production of molecular oxygen (O₂), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). This process is essential for sustaining aerobic life on Earth and is primarily carried out by cyanobacteria, algae, and plants. The core of oxygenic photosynthesis lies in the thylakoid membranes, where chlorophyll pigments facilitate...
680
Anoxygenic Photosynthesis01:30

Anoxygenic Photosynthesis

1.1K
Anoxygenic photosynthesis is a phototrophic process that captures light energy to drive carbon fixation without producing molecular oxygen. Unlike oxygenic photosynthesis, which utilizes water as an electron donor and releases oxygen, anoxygenic phototrophs use alternative electron donors such as hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), elemental sulfur (S⁰), or thiosulfate (S₂O₃²⁻). This process is carried out by diverse groups of bacteria, including purple bacteria, green...
1.1K
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

1.4K
Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
1.4K
Electron Transport Chains01:28

Electron Transport Chains

111.3K
The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
The ETC is comprised of...
111.3K
Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones01:17

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

4.5K
In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox...
4.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Nanoparticle-Mediated Synthesis of High-Density Single-Atom Catalysts for Acidic Oxygen Reduction Reaction.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same author

Universal electrochemical quantification of active site density in transition metal nitrogen carbon electrocatalysts.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Low-Temperature Pyrolysis: A Universal Route to High-Loading Single-Atom Catalysts for Fuel Cells.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2025
Same author

Topological transformation of microbial proteins into iron single-atom sites for selective hydrogen peroxide electrosynthesis.

Nature communications·2024
Same author

A Fe-NC electrocatalyst boosted by trace bromide ions with high performance in proton exchange membrane fuel cells.

Nature communications·2024
Same author

An in situ exploration of how Fe/N/C oxygen reduction catalysts evolve during synthesis under pyrolytic conditions.

Nature communications·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of PhosphorusI
08:46

Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of PhosphorusI

Published on: November 22, 2016

8.2K

A Phosphorus-Bridged Spin Trigger for Oxygen Reduction.

Wu Wang1, Xiaoyang Cheng1, Hong-Guan Li2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P.R. China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|December 16, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel phosphorus-bridged iron catalyst that enhances the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) by triggering a spin-state transition in iron centers. This spin-state engineering significantly boosts catalyst performance in fuel cells.

Keywords:
Oxygen reduction reactionPhosphorus‐bridgedProton exchange membrane fuel cellsSingle‐atom and cluster compositesSpin trigger

More Related Videos

Synthesis and Calibration of Phosphorescent Nanoprobes for Oxygen Imaging in Biological Systems
10:38

Synthesis and Calibration of Phosphorescent Nanoprobes for Oxygen Imaging in Biological Systems

Published on: March 3, 2010

14.2K
Detection of Nitric Oxide and Superoxide Radical Anion by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy from Cells using Spin Traps
13:21

Detection of Nitric Oxide and Superoxide Radical Anion by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy from Cells using Spin Traps

Published on: August 18, 2012

19.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of PhosphorusI
08:46

Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of PhosphorusI

Published on: November 22, 2016

8.2K
Synthesis and Calibration of Phosphorescent Nanoprobes for Oxygen Imaging in Biological Systems
10:38

Synthesis and Calibration of Phosphorescent Nanoprobes for Oxygen Imaging in Biological Systems

Published on: March 3, 2010

14.2K
Detection of Nitric Oxide and Superoxide Radical Anion by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy from Cells using Spin Traps
13:21

Detection of Nitric Oxide and Superoxide Radical Anion by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy from Cells using Spin Traps

Published on: August 18, 2012

19.4K

Area of Science:

  • Catalysis
  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Precise control over metal center spin states is crucial for optimizing catalytic reactions like the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).
  • Developing high-performance, non-precious metal catalysts for ORR remains a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and synthesize a novel catalyst that utilizes spin-state engineering to enhance the ORR.
  • To investigate the mechanism by which spin-state transitions optimize the catalytic pathway.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a phosphorus-bridged composite containing iron single atoms and atomic clusters (FeSA/AC/PNC).
  • Utilized advanced spectroscopic and magnetic analyses to confirm FeII spin-state transition from low-spin to medium-spin.
  • Tested catalyst performance in acidic and neutral media and in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs).

Main Results:

  • The FeSA-P-FeAC structure acted as an electron channel and spin trigger, inducing a spin-state transition.
  • This spin-state reconstruction optimized O2 adsorption and *OH desorption.
  • The catalyst demonstrated exceptional ORR activity (0.852 V in acid, 0.831 V in neutral) and a peak power density of 1.35 W cm-2 in PEMFCs.

Conclusions:

  • Spin-state engineering is a viable strategy for designing high-performance non-precious metal catalysts.
  • The developed FeSA/AC/PNC catalyst shows great promise for applications in fuel cells.
  • The strategy is broadly applicable to other metal systems like Cobalt (Co) and Nickel (Ni).