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Hospital burden of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in children in Spain (2016-2022): A retrospective study

Ruth Gil-Prieto1, Rafael García-Carretero1, Valentín Hernandez-Barrera1

  • 1Medical Specialities and Public Health Department, Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain.

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
|December 16, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) causes significant hospitalizations in Spanish children, especially infants under one year old. Prevention strategies are crucial to reduce this pediatric burden and associated healthcare costs.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a primary cause of severe respiratory infections in young children.
  • Infants and children under two years old are particularly vulnerable to RSV complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the population-based burden of RSV-related hospitalizations in Spain among individuals under 19 years from 2016 to 2022.
  • To analyze hospitalization rates, mortality, case fatality, and healthcare costs associated with RSV in different pediatric age groups.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of national hospital discharge data in Spain (2016-2022).
  • Evaluation of hospitalization rates, mortality, case fatality, and costs stratified by age and year.
  • Analysis of the impact of comorbidities on case fatality rates.

Main Results:

  • Over 166,000 RSV hospitalizations occurred, predominantly in children under five (94.60%) and infants under one (66.22%).
  • Infants under one year had the highest hospitalization rate (4,367.87 per 100,000), peaking in 2022. Highest mortality was also in this group.
  • Comorbidities significantly increased case fatality in children under five (0.76% vs. 0.02%). RSV burden decreased during COVID-19 pandemic years.

Conclusions:

  • RSV represents a substantial public health burden on the pediatric population in Spain, with infants being the most affected.
  • The study highlights the significant economic impact, exceeding €497 million in total costs.
  • Effective preventive measures, including immunization and early interventions, are essential to mitigate RSV's impact on children.

Keywords:
HospitalizationsRespiratory Syncytial VirusSpainchildrenepidemiologyinfant

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