Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Synthesis of Near-Infrared Emitting Gold Nanoclusters for Biological Applications
Published on: March 22, 2020
Sc(OTf)3-induced, selective removal of alkynyl ligands from heteroleptic Au13 and Au38 nanoclusters
Zengguang Huang1, Shinjiro Takano1, Tatsuya Tsukuda1
1Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
Abstract:
The heteroleptic gold nanoclusters [Au13(dppe)5(PA)2]3+ (dppe = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane; PA- = phenylacetylide) and [Au38(PPh3)4(PA)20]2+ underwent the removal of PA- and an [Au(PA)2]- staple unit, respectively, via reaction with the Lewis acid scandium trifluoromethanesulfonate (Sc(OTf)3). The surface-exposed [Au37(PPh3)4(PA)18]3+ obtained from the Au38 nanocluster self-assembled into a dimer with two di-isocyanide linker molecules. This non-thermal strategy provides a foundation for the targeted synthesis of novel AuNCs with well-defined naked sites that can act as selective catalysts or building blocks for assembled materials.
Related Concept Videos
Electrophilic Addition to Alkynes: Halogenation
Halogenation is another class of electrophilic addition reactions where a halogen molecule gets added across a π bond. In alkynes, the presence of two π bonds allows for the addition of two equivalents of halogens (bromine or chlorine). The addition of the first halogen molecule forms a trans-dihaloalkene as the major product and the cis isomer as the minor product. Subsequent addition of the second equivalent yields the tetrahalide.
Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
Radical Substitution: Hydrogenolysis of Alkyl Halides with Tributyltin Hydride
The bonds formed in this reaction are stronger than the bonds broken, making it energetically favorable. The reaction follows a radical chain mechanism similar to radical halogenation reactions,...
Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
Alkynes to Aldehydes and Ketones: Hydroboration-Oxidation
One of the convenient methods for the preparation of aldehydes and ketones is via hydration of alkynes. Hydroboration-oxidation of alkynes is an indirect hydration reaction in which an alkyne is treated with borane followed by oxidation with alkaline peroxide to form an enol that rapidly converts into an aldehyde or a ketone. Terminal alkynes form aldehydes, whereas internal alkynes give ketones as the final product.
Amines to Alkenes: Hofmann Elimination
Under thermal conditions, the hydroxide can abstract a proton from the β carbon; this generates an alkene with the simultaneous...

