Plant-derived extracellular vesicles quality control: key process progress and future research directions​

Area of Science:

• Plant biotechnology
• Extracellular vesicle research
• Biomedical applications

Background:

• Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) are key for intercellular and cross-species communication.
• PDEVs possess unique bioactivity and significant medicinal potential.
• Ensuring PDEV quality is critical for their effective application.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review factors influencing PDEV quality.
• To highlight challenges and potential solutions in PDEV preparation and characterization.
• To guide future research towards standardized PDEV production and application.

Main Methods:

• Review of literature on PDEV source material preparation, isolation, purification, characterization, and storage.
• Analysis of factors affecting PDEV composition and function.
• Evaluation of current techniques for PDEV quality control.

Main Results:

• Source material quality is influenced by genetics, environment, biotic factors, and processing.
• Plant tissue culture and bioreactor systems offer improved raw material consistency.
• Isolation methods require optimization to prevent vesicle damage and contamination.
• Comprehensive characterization involves TEM, NTA, and Western blotting.
• Storage conditions critically impact PDEV stability.

Conclusions:

• Standardized preparation processes and efficient characterization techniques are needed for PDEVs.
• Optimized PDEV quality control will facilitate applications in drug delivery and functional foods.
• Further research should focus on robust methodologies for reliable PDEV production.