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Characterizing Extracellular Vesicles from Biological Fluids
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Plant-derived extracellular vesicles quality control: key process progress and future research directions​.

Fuxing Shu1,2, Yuhe Hu1, Surendra Sarsaiya2

  • 1School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.

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|December 16, 2025
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Summary

Quality control of plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) is vital for their medicinal applications. This review details factors influencing PDEV quality, from source material to storage, guiding future standardization.

Keywords:
Biomedical applicationsCharacterizationDrug delivery systemsIsolation and purificationProcess optimizationRaw materialStorage

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biotechnology
  • Extracellular vesicle research
  • Biomedical applications

Background:

  • Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) are key for intercellular and cross-species communication.
  • PDEVs possess unique bioactivity and significant medicinal potential.
  • Ensuring PDEV quality is critical for their effective application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review factors influencing PDEV quality.
  • To highlight challenges and potential solutions in PDEV preparation and characterization.
  • To guide future research towards standardized PDEV production and application.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on PDEV source material preparation, isolation, purification, characterization, and storage.
  • Analysis of factors affecting PDEV composition and function.
  • Evaluation of current techniques for PDEV quality control.

Main Results:

  • Source material quality is influenced by genetics, environment, biotic factors, and processing.
  • Plant tissue culture and bioreactor systems offer improved raw material consistency.
  • Isolation methods require optimization to prevent vesicle damage and contamination.
  • Comprehensive characterization involves TEM, NTA, and Western blotting.
  • Storage conditions critically impact PDEV stability.

Conclusions:

  • Standardized preparation processes and efficient characterization techniques are needed for PDEVs.
  • Optimized PDEV quality control will facilitate applications in drug delivery and functional foods.
  • Further research should focus on robust methodologies for reliable PDEV production.