Effects of early water, sanitation, handwashing, and nutrition interventions on child development at school age: a follow-on study of a cluster-randomized trial in rural Bangladesh
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View abstract on PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.Early water, sanitation, handwashing, and nutrition interventions showed sustained benefits in child cognitive and socioemotional development up to age 7. These interventions also improved home environments and maternal mental health, highlighting their long-term impact.
Area Of Science
- Child Development
- Public Health Interventions
- Global Health
Background
- Previous trials indicated benefits of water, sanitation, handwashing, and nutrition interventions on child development at 1 and 2 years.
- This study assessed the long-term sustainability of these effects into school age.
Purpose Of The Study
- To determine if early life interventions for water, sanitation, handwashing, and nutrition (WSHN) sustain developmental benefits for children at 7 years of age.
- To evaluate impacts on cognitive function, socioemotional behavior, school achievement, and maternal mental health.
Main Methods
- A cluster-randomized trial enrolled pregnant women, randomizing them to various WSHN intervention arms or a control group.
- Follow-up assessments at age 7 included cognitive, behavioral, and school achievement measures, alongside maternal mental health and home environment evaluations.
- Intention-to-treat analyses were performed using generalized linear models, accounting for clustering.
Main Results
- Children in combined WSH+N, N, and S arms showed improved cognitive scores in specific domains compared to controls.
- Interventions positively impacted prosocial behaviors and reduced difficult behaviors across multiple arms.
- Maternal depressive symptoms decreased in WSH+N, H, and N arms, while home environments improved universally across intervention groups.
Conclusions
- Early WSHN interventions demonstrated small but sustained benefits on child cognitive and socioemotional outcomes at 7 years.
- Positive effects were also observed on the home learning environment and maternal mental health.
- Further research into intervention mechanisms is recommended to optimize future child health and development programs.
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